all of these items led directly to what event?
Milestones: 1750–1775
Parliamentary taxation of colonies, international merchandise, and the American Revolution, 1763–1775
The American Revolution was precipitated, in part, past a serial of laws passed between 1763 and 1775 that regulating trade and taxes. This legislation caused tensions between colonists and imperial officials, who made it articulate that the British Parliament would not accost American complaints that the new laws were onerous. British unwillingness to reply to American demands for modify allowed colonists to argue that they were part of an increasingly decadent and autocratic empire in which their traditional liberties were threatened. This position eventually served every bit the ground for the colonial Declaration of Independence.
Boston Tea Party
In 1763, the British authorities emerged from the Seven Years' War burdened by heavy debts. This led British Prime number Minister George Grenville to reduce duties on sugar and molasses but also to enforce the law more than strictly. Since enforcement of these duties had previously been lax, this ultimately increased acquirement for the British Authorities and served to increase the taxes paid by the colonists. The colonial governments of New York and Massachusetts sent formal letters of protest to Parliament.
The end of the war had also brought virtually a postwar recession, and British merchants began to asking payment for debts that colonists had incurred buying British imports. Moreover, they wanted payment in British pounds sterling rather than colonial currency of more questionable value. The consequence was that the British Parliament passed the 1764 Currency Act which forbade the colonies from issuing newspaper currency. This made it even more difficult for colonists to pay their debts and taxes.
Soon after Parliament passed the Currency Human action, Prime Government minister Grenville proposed a Postage stamp Tax. This law would require colonists to buy a government-issued stamp for legal documents and other paper appurtenances. Grenville submitted the nib to Parliament for questioning, and simply i fellow member raised objections to Parliament'south right to tax the colonies.
Subsequently news of the successful passage of the Postage stamp Act reached the colonies, the Virginia House of Burgesses passed resolutions denying the British Parliament'due south potency to taxation the colonies. In Boston, colonists rioted and destroyed the house of the stamp distributor. News of these protests inspired similar activities and protests in other colonies, and thus the Postage stamp Act served as a mutual crusade to unite the 13 colonies in opposition to the British Parliament. In October of 1765, delegates from 9 colonies met to outcome petitions to the British Government denying Parliament's authority to taxation the colonies. An American cold-shoulder of British goods, coupled with recession, as well led British merchants to lobby for the act'south repeal on pragmatic economic grounds. Under pressure from American colonists and British merchants, the British Government decided it was easier to repeal the Stamp Act than to enforce it.
The repeal of the Stamp Deed temporarily quieted colonial protestation, just there was renewed resistance to new taxes instituted in 1767 under the Townshend Acts. However, in 1773, the colonists staged more than vocal widespread protests against the British Parliament's decision to grant the East Bharat Company a monopoly on the taxation-free transport of tea. Although Parliament did lower taxes levied on other tea importers, the tax-gratuitous status of the British Due east India Visitor meant that colonial tea traders could not compete. Enraged colonists responded by encouraging a general boycott of British appurtenances. On December 16, 1773, American colonists disguised as Indians boarded Due east India Company ships in Boston Harbor and threw crates of tea overboard. This famous protestation came to be known as the Boston Tea Political party.
When news of the Tea Party reached England, British officials moved to enforce discipline and society in the colonies. The British Regime ordered the closure of the port of Boston until the East India Company was compensated for the destroyed tea. Parliament also passed several pieces of legislation in 1774 which attempted to place Massachusetts nether directly British control. In the American colonies, these laws were referred to as the Intolerable Acts. British control was further solidified by the appointment of General Thomas Gage as military governor of Massachusetts.
By 1774, stance among the colonists was mixed. Some Bostonians felt that the time had come to ease tensions and sent to London a written offer to pay for the destroyed tea. Others put out a colony-broad telephone call for a boycott. However, many colonial merchants were reluctant to participate in a hard-to-enforce boycott. Despite this disagreement, most colonists agreed that a meeting to discuss an appropriate collective response to British deportment was a practiced idea. Colonial legislatures sent representatives to Philadelphia, and the First Continental Congress convened in September of 1774. The Continental Congress agreed to the Articles of Association on October 20. These Manufactures listed colonial grievances and called for a locally-enforced boycott in all the colonies to take effect on December 1. The delegates also drafted a petition to King George III laying out their grievances, although past then they doubted that the crisis would be resolved peacefully.
Realizing that further coercive steps would only enrage the colonists and might lead to state of war, British military governor Gage wrote to London recommending intermission of the Intolerable Acts. Cuff hoped to gratify many of the colonists and thereby split up colonial moderates from radicals. If London was not amenable to his recommendations, Gage stated that he would need significant reinforcements to crush the growing rebellion.
British ministers responded to Gage'southward suggestions past removing him from his post. They felt that further punitive measures were necessary and pushed Parliament to laissez passer additional merchandise restrictions on New England. London alleged the colonies to exist in rebellion, but also offered to stop taxing those colonies that supported the British Government.
By this time, the well-nigh astute leaders from both sides viewed armed conflict equally inevitable. Gage's attempts to secure his position in Boston simply brought him into conflict with local militias and a hostile populace, and it was only a matter of time until open war began in 1775. The opportunity for peaceful negotiation came to an stop, and the war for American Independence began on April 19, 1775 when British troops and American colonists clashed at Lexington and Concord.
Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/parliamentary-taxation
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